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Depending on several elements, a septic tank will last 14 to 40 years.

• Tank material: Concrete requires more maintenance, but commercial-grade fiberglass and plastic tend to last decades.

• Maintenance: Get inspections every one to three years and pump it out every three to five years.

• Vehicle traffic: Driving over the leach field compresses it and may cause it to fail.

• Soil composition: Varying soil types and depths affect how long it may last.

• Clogging and flooding: Clogging caused by plant roots or flooding from groundwater can decrease the lifespan of your septic tank.

Several signs indicate that you need a new septic tank. Here's a detailed list: Unpleasant odors, standing water, slow draining, gurgling noises in the plumbing, patches of over-vibrant grass, nearby water contamination, and old age. Consult a local septic tank professional if your system shows any of those signs to prevent a larger issue from developing.

You should have your septic tank professionally pumped every three to five years. The exact timing depends on factors like your household size, tank size, and how much water you use. If you have a big family or a smaller tank, you might need to pump it more often—even annually. Regular pumping prevents backups and keeps your septic system running efficiently. Talk to a septic professional to set up a pumping schedule that suits your home's needs.

You can maintain a septic system by regularly inspecting and pumping your septic tank, and cleaning the tank during inspections. Use water efficiently, repair leaky taps and toilets, and install water-efficient appliances to reduce wastewater and lighten the load on your septic system. Never flush anything other than human waste and toilet paper. Keeping your drain field in good condition is also important. The drain field removes waste from the septic system's liquid. Maintain it by never driving or planting trees on your drain field, and keep roof drains, sump pumps, and other drainage systems away from your drain field.

Typically, a septic system needs a leach field to safely process wastewater. Without one, raw sewage could contaminate your land and water supply. If a traditional leach field isn't suitable for your property—maybe due to a high water table—you have alternatives. For instance, a mound septic system places the leach field above ground in a mound of sand.Your local septic professional can help you find the best solution approved by your municipality.