You should seal glass block walls every two to three years. Sealing glass blocks is especially important for shower walls because the glass blocks get hit with water frequently. You can use silicone sealant to fill the outside perimeter joints of the wall on both sides. If you notice any gaps or holes before that period, it's best to fill them as soon as they appear.
Yes, you can replace a single glass block if one breaks. Place furnace duct tape over the blocks needing replacing and strike them with a rubber mallet until they break. Wear safety goggles, a long-sleeved shirt, work gloves, and other personal protective gear to prevent injury from broken glass. You can chip out the mortar carefully until you've removed it and install new glass blocks.
Glass blocks can chip, shatter, and break just like any glass. But solid glass block windows can have the strength of a foundation, though glass block windows or walls can’t be load-bearing. If enough glass blocks sustain damage, it can start to compromise the integrity of the rest of the glass block wall or window. Reinforcing rods and mortar help make glass blocks strong, but should glass break, it should get repaired quickly.